Caracterización de indicadores productivos de los terneros de la raza maremmana en el centro genético de Alberese, Italia, durante 32 años (1982-2013)

Abstract

This study examines productive indicators of Maremmana breed calves at the Alberese genetic center in Italy, over 32 years (1982-2013). In response to the challenges of climate change and risks to native breeds, were analyzed indicators such as average Birth Weight (BWp), average Weaning Weight (WWp), Weaning Weight adjusted to 205 days (WW205), Total Weaning Weight (TWW), Average Daily Weight Gain (ADGp), the Male and Female ratio (M/F), and the percentage of Twins (%T) were analyzed. The effect of variables such as y(Y), Birth Date (BD), Weaning Date (WD), First Calving Date (FCD), and Last Calving Date (LCD) on these indicators was evaluated over the analyzed period. With 3,313 calves born, means, medians, standard deviations, and minimum and maximum values were analyzed, using SAS/STAT 9.4 for linear regression statistical analysis. The findings show a reduction in BWp, and increases in AWW, WW205, ADGp, and TWW, the latter due to more animals weaned; the M/F ratio was maintained, and a significant increase in the %T was found. When analyzing the data in relation to the breed average, the indicators within the expected range for the breed include BWp, M/F, and %T, while the ADGp was below average and the WWp was above. The most relevant variables for the model were Y, LCD, BD, WD, and FCD in decreasing order, indicating adaptations and the influence of management on productivity and genetic conservation in the face of environmental changes.