What is it to be "an ideal parent"? Does the answer differ across countries and social classes? To answer these questions in a way that minimizes bias and ethnocentrism, we used open-ended questions to explore ideal-parent beliefs among 8,357 mothers and 3,517 fathers from 37 countries. Leximancer Semantic Network Analysis was utilized to first determine parenting culture zones (i.e., countries with shared ideal-parent beliefs) and then extract the predominant themes and concepts in each culture zone. The results yielded specific types of ideal-parent beliefs in five parenting culture zones: being "responsible and children/family-focused" for Asian parents, being "responsible and proper demeanor-focused" for African parents, and being "loving and responsible" for Hispanic-Italian parents. Although the most important themes and concepts were the same in the final two zones-being "loving and patient," there were subtle differences: English-speaking, European Union, and Russian parents emphasized "being caring," while French-speaking parents valued "listening" or being "present." Ideal-parent beliefs also differed by education levels within culture zones, but no general pattern was discerned across culture zones. These findings suggest that the country in which parents were born cannot fully explain their differences in ideal-parent beliefs and that differences arising from social class or education level cannot be dismissed. Future research should consider how these differences affect the validity of the measurements in question and how they can be incorporated into parenting intervention research within and across cultures.
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Autor | Lin, Gao-Xian Mikolajczak, Moira Keller, Heidi Akgun, Ege Arikan, Gizem Aunola, Kaisa Barham, Elizabeth Besson, Eliane Blanchard, M. Annelise Boujut, Emilie Brianda, Maria Elena Brytek-Matera, Anna Cesar, Filipa Chen, Bin-Bin Dorard, Geraldine dos Santos Elias, Luciana Carla Dunsmuir, Sandra Egorova, Natalia Escobar, Maria Josefina Favez, Nicolas Fontaine, Anne Marie Foran, Heather Furutani, Kaichiro Gannage, Myrna Gaspar, Maria Godbout, Lucie Goldenberg, Amit Gross, James J. Gurza, Maria Ancuta Hatta, Ogma Heeren, Alexandre Helmy, Mai Mai-Trang Huynh Kaneza, Emerence Kawamoto, Taishi Kellou, Nassima Kpassagou, Bassantea Lodegaena Lazarevic, Ljiljana Le Vigouroux, Sarah Lebert-Charron, Astrid Leme, Vanessa MacCann, Carolyn Manrique-Millones, Denisse Medjahdi, Oussama Millones Rivalles, Rosa Bertha Miranda Orrego, Maria Isabel Miscioscia, Marina Mousavi, Seyyedeh Fatemeh Moutassem-Mimouni, Badra Murphy, Hugh Ndayizigiye, Alexis Ngnombouowo, Tenkue Josue Olderbak, Sally Ornawka, Sophie Cadiz, Daniela Oyarce Perez-Diaz, Pablo A. Petrides, Konstantinos Prikhidko, Alena Salinas-Quiroz, Fernando Santelices, Maria-Pia Schrooyen, Charlotte Silva, Paola Simonelli, Alessandra Sorkkila, Matilda Stanculescu, Elena Starchenkova, Elena Szczygiel, Dorota Tapia, Javier Tremblay, Melissa Thi Minh Thuy Tri Ustundag-Budak, A. Meltem Valdes Pacheco, Maday van Bakel, Hedwig Verhofstadt, Lesley Wendland, Jaqueline Yotanyamaneewong, Saengduean Roskam, Isabelle |
Título | Parenting Culture(s): Ideal-Parent Beliefs Across 37 Countries |
Revista | Journal of cross-cultural psychology |
ISSN | 0022-0221 |
ISSN electrónico | 1552-5422 |
Volumen | 54 |
Número de publicación | 1 |
Página inicio | 4 |
Página final | 24 |
Fecha de publicación | 2023 |
Resumen | What is it to be "an ideal parent"? Does the answer differ across countries and social classes? To answer these questions in a way that minimizes bias and ethnocentrism, we used open-ended questions to explore ideal-parent beliefs among 8,357 mothers and 3,517 fathers from 37 countries. Leximancer Semantic Network Analysis was utilized to first determine parenting culture zones (i.e., countries with shared ideal-parent beliefs) and then extract the predominant themes and concepts in each culture zone. The results yielded specific types of ideal-parent beliefs in five parenting culture zones: being "responsible and children/family-focused" for Asian parents, being "responsible and proper demeanor-focused" for African parents, and being "loving and responsible" for Hispanic-Italian parents. Although the most important themes and concepts were the same in the final two zones-being "loving and patient," there were subtle differences: English-speaking, European Union, and Russian parents emphasized "being caring," while French-speaking parents valued "listening" or being "present." Ideal-parent beliefs also differed by education levels within culture zones, but no general pattern was discerned across culture zones. These findings suggest that the country in which parents were born cannot fully explain their differences in ideal-parent beliefs and that differences arising from social class or education level cannot be dismissed. Future research should consider how these differences affect the validity of the measurements in question and how they can be incorporated into parenting intervention research within and across cultures. |
Derechos | acceso restringido |
DOI | 10.1177/00220221221123043 |
Enlace | |
Id de publicación en WoS | WOS:000894437200002 |
Palabra clave | parental beliefs automated content analysis positive parenting qualitative and quantitative methods semantic network analysis |
Tipo de documento | artículo |